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Q: How many of you have learned Python before?

Q: How many of you have learned Linux before?

“GUI” stands for “Graphical User Interface”

“CLI” stands for “Command Line Interface”

Terminal: A terminal is a text-based tool that lets you control a computer or server by typing commands instead of clicking icons. It is a typical CLI.

Termius is a terminal application.

Q: What’s your intuitive guess about the advantages and disadvantages of GUI and CLI?

GUI: Easy, visual, slow for complex work.

CLI: Fast, powerful, hard for beginners.

Termius is the tool we use to connect to the Linux server.

Four elements for creating a new host in Termius: IP address, Port, Username, Password

Termius offers SFTP for file management (upload/download)

SSH: Secure Shell (SSH) is an encrypted network protocol used to securely access, manage, and transfer files between computers over unsecured networks

SFTP: SSH File Transfer Protocol, also known as Secure File Transfer Protocol

Q: What are the important things when controlling a computer?

Position: "where you are"

Intention: "what you want to do"

Q: What are the two software components closest to users in a computer?

File systems

Application systems

Absolute Path: The full path from the root directory to a file or folder.

Linux: /home/zhangfeng/download/test.txt
Windows: D:\download\test.txt

Relative Path: The path from your current working directory to a file or folder.

Linux: ../download/test.txt
Windows: ..\test.txt

Q: Why do we need “relative path”?

Relative paths are shorter and faster to type than absolute paths.

They are portable (work when folders are moved/copied). They make teamwork and navigation easier, without relying on fixed root locations.

“pwd” Print working directory

“ls” List files in the current directory.

“cd” Change directories.

“cd ..” change the current working directory to its parent directory

“cd ~” change the current working directory to your home directory

“mkdir” Create directories.

“touch new_file.txt” create an empty file named new_file.txt

“less new_file.txt” view the contents of the file named new_file.txt

“cat new_file.txt” print out all contents of the file named new_file.txt

“cp original_file.txt copy_file.txt” copy the file named original_file.txt to a new file named copy_file.txt

“cp -r original_folder copy_folder” copy the contents of the folder named original_folder to a new folder named copy_folder

“mv copy_file.txt move_file.txt” move the file named copy_file.txt to a new file named move_file.txt

“mv copy_folder move_folder” move the folder named copy_folder to a new folder named move_folder

“rm tmp.txt” remove a file named tmp.txt

“rm -r tmp_folder” remove a folder named tmp_folder and all its contents recursively.

Q: What differences do you feel between using Windows GUI and Linux CLI?

nano is a text editor that works in the linux terminal.

In nano, Ctrl + O is used to save your work

In nano, Ctrl + X is used to exit nano

“tab” type the first few letters of a file name or command, then press the Tab key. Linux will automatically complete the rest for you.

“history” You can see all the commands you have run before.

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